Tuesday, November 25, 2008

Tool language

So the purpose of Vulgare is to serve as a sort of "tool" language to facilitate a student's learning the Latin and Greek roots of English and other Western languages. I would also like a student of this "tool" language to be able to pick up a text of Latin and try to get by, understanding at least the general gist. I don't think this is feasable with a system completely stripped of grammar, as in Latino Sine Flexione. In my last post, I mentioned that I'd like to be a little more conservative than Giuseppe Peano in simplifying Latin's grammar rules, maintaining some elements of Latin grammar. Those elements are open to discussion, but here's what I'm currently thinking in relation to Peano's Latino Sine Flexione (LSF):

Maintaining some Latin noun cases:
LSF gets rid of all noun cases by using words similar to the Latin ablative case. Here word order and helper prepositions like ad or de are used to indicate other cases. Although I agree with this, we often come across the Latin genetive and nominative in our society, such as in the phrase vox populi which would be rendered into LSF as voce de populo. Since the Latin genitive can easily be derived from the LSF root word by a simple set of rules, I see no reason to fully exclude it from Vulgare grammar. Users should have the option of using the genitive or the preposition de. The Latin nominative is a little more tricky, since it is often an abreviated form of the LSF root word (corde -> cor, nocte -> nox, itinere -> iter). I don't suggest mandating everyone use the specific nominative form in order to communicate, but I think it ought to be taught when learning words so that people have at least some familiarity to the nominative terms they come across.

Maintaining some genders:
LSF removes all grammatical genders and uses the neuter form for adjectives. Since some grammar scheme exists in modern languages such as Spanish, French, and German, I don't think that we have to do away with all gender. Vulgare could possibly keep the masculine and feminine genders and have the neuter merge into the masculine.

Maintaining some verb forms (perfect and imperfect):
When learning the principle parts of Latin verbs, one learns both the imperfect root and the perfect root. These forms can't always be derived from each other (take rego - I rule vs. rexi - I have ruled). All tenses seem to be variations on either of these forms. LSF only uses one verb form, but I believe it would be good for users of Vulgare to be exposed to both forms. This would make Vulgare similar to Arabic which can also be described as having just a perfect and imperfect tense.

Maintaining a basic conjugation scheme:
Six forms of conjugations can be tricky but exist not only in Latin and Greek but also Spanish and French. Users of Vulgare should be aware of these verb endings when trying to get a sense of any Latin phrase. Thus I feel a simple conjugation scheme should be maintained (-o/-, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -ent).

So a user would learn two forms of each verb: amo (I love) and amavi (I have loved). Using the above conjugation scheme, she would obtain the six conjugations of each form: imperfect (amo, amas, amat, amamus, amatis, amant) and the perfect (amavi, amavis, amavit, amavimus, amavitis, amavent).

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